UDC 627.83
The article discusses the issues of increasing water withdrawal by flooded river-bed water intakes from surface sources for water supply purposes, including for fire-fighting needs. One of the promising technical solutions for water intakes is the design of an elongated vortex chamber ensuring uniform water intake along a dispersed water intake front. Such water intakes with standard flat gratings at the inlet are widely used due to the low inlet velocities, which allow the transit flow in the water source to carry various types of contaminants beyond the water intake feed zone. When installing convex gratings of cylindrical or conoidal shape, the water intake area increases up to 2 - 2.5 times compared to flat gratings, and hence the consumption of water taken. The author of the article has developed a method for hydraulic calculation of technological elements of vortex chambers with possible standard sizes of cylindrical and conoidal gratings of varying degrees of convexity, thereby opening up prospects for the use of the latter, which have a number of advantages. One of the significant advantages of design solutions for vortex chambers with convex gratings is the ability to regulate the water flow taken from a water source depending on the required volume of water consumption. In contrast to known methods, the dimensions of the elements of the vortex chambers at the inlet and outlet of it are proposed to be calculated in conjunction with the parameters of the water source. The developed hydraulic calculation methodology can be useful for engineers involved in the design and operation of water intakes from surface sources. In particular, when reconstructing existing water intakes, replacing removable flat grates with convex ones in the water source, or when constructing new water intakes in order to ensure guaranteed increased water flow and the efficiency of the water supply system
vortex chambers, efficiency of water supply, fire-fighting water supply, channel water intakes
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