UDC 614.842.4
Fires annually cause enormous material and social damage all over the world. Most of them cause such large-scale negative consequences that they are quite difficult to measure and assess. In order to minimize the negative impact of fires, technologies for their early detection, including prompt detection of fire sources, are developed and implemented. The most common option is the use of fire alarms of various modifications. However, such devices often trigger false alarms, have low sensitivity, are difficult to install and require expensive switching equipment. In addition, to maintain their high performance, it is necessary to carry out their maintenance and repair in a timely manner. This article provides an overview of modern achievements in the field of prompt detection of fire sources due to continuous monitoring of key indicators, such as temperature, presence of flame, as well as gas and smoke in the air. A structural diagram of the chronology of the development of fire alarms is presented. A comparative table of the considered samples is compiled. As a result of its analysis, it was revealed that technologies for prompt detection of fire sources do not stand still, but are constantly developing and improving. Every year, the number of false alarms decreases, the sensitivity of detectors increases, and the level of fire safety in general increases. Particular attention was paid to systems using an integrated approach, combining several types of systems. Promising areas for further research were also identified, including the use of elements of artificial intelligence
obzor, pozhar, ochag vozgoraniya, pozharnye izveschateli, obnaruzhenie pozharov, operativnoe detektirovanie, pozharnaya bezopasnost'
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